It is coreferential only: the subject of the participle clause is the same as the subject of the superordinate clause (it was Bernard who was buttering the toast and vowing). If the subject is different, use the particle.
It expresses something that the subject of the superordinate clause is doing:
- It is equivalent to participle phrases, such as, “Buttering toast with a fork, Bernard vowed that he would finally wash the week’s worth of dirty dishes piled in the sink.”
- It is used in the coordination like
A v1 B and A v2
: v2 will be in contemporative. - Expresses the circumstances, typically expressed by adverbs in English, such as,
It was pleasantly warm
:It was warm being pleasant
-> ``TODO
The suffix is (l)lu + person suffix
the lu
meaning that the subject of the superordinate clause does (if there is no ll
or equivalent, such as rl
, an l
is added).
It can be transitive or intransitive depending on the verb used in contemporative clause: in intranstive, it defines the subject; in transitive the object of the subordinate clause.
Contemporative Transitive
Expresses Subject V1 that/and Subject V2 Object
:
The subject is not clear without the superordinate clause cause it is not expressed
only the object is expressed by the suffix.
The form expresses the object of the action only!
Object | Affirmative Suffix | Negative | Example | Translation |
---|---|---|---|---|
me | (l)lunga | |||
you | (l)lutit | |||
it | (l)lugu | …arnaq pilerpoq Jensen eqillugu | ..the woman said embracing Jensen. | |
us | (l)uta | |||
you pl | (l)lusi | |||
them | (l)lugit | nagit |
Example
Oqarpunga qarasaasiaq atorsima*llugu*.
I say/said that I can use a computer.
Qarasaasiaq ato*rlugu* oqaasilerivoq.
He works as a linguist using a computer.
Contemporative Intransitive
Expresses Subject V1 that/and Subject V2
:
The subject is clear even without the superordinate clause.
The suffix expresses the subject (duplicate info).
Expresses that the subject of the superordinate clause does something to this object.
The 3rd persons are reflective (similar to German “sich”, Slovak “seba, svoj”)
Subject | Affirmative | Analysis | Negative |
---|---|---|---|
I | (l)lunga | lu - that do; nga - I | |
You | (l)lutit | lu - that do; tit - You | |
It | (l)luni | lu - that do; ni - Reflexive It | nani |
We | (l)uta | lu - that do; ta -we | |
You pl | (l)lusi | lu - that do; si - you pl | |
They | (l)lutik | lu - that do; tik - they | natik |
Example
Coordinative clauses:
Kastrup mittarfiuvoq Pituffillu mittarfiulluni.