It is coreferential only: the subject of the participle clause is the same as the subject of the superordinate clause (it was Bernard who was buttering the toast and vowing). If the subject is different, use the particle.

It expresses something that the subject of the superordinate clause is doing:

The suffix is (l)lu + person suffix the lu meaning that the subject of the superordinate clause does (if there is no ll or equivalent, such as rl, an l is added).

It can be transitive or intransitive depending on the verb used in contemporative clause: in intranstive, it defines the subject; in transitive the object of the subordinate clause.

Contemporative Transitive

Expresses Subject V1 that/and Subject V2 Object: The subject is not clear without the superordinate clause cause it is not expressed only the object is expressed by the suffix. The form expresses the object of the action only!

Object Affirmative Suffix Negative Example Translation
me (l)lunga
you (l)lutit
it (l)lugu …arnaq pilerpoq Jensen eqillugu ..the woman said embracing Jensen.
us (l)uta
you pl (l)lusi
them (l)lugit nagit

Example

Oqarpunga qarasaasiaq atorsima*llugu*.
I say/said that I can use a computer.

Qarasaasiaq ato*rlugu* oqaasilerivoq.
He works as a linguist using a computer.

Contemporative Intransitive

Expresses Subject V1 that/and Subject V2: The subject is clear even without the superordinate clause. The suffix expresses the subject (duplicate info). Expresses that the subject of the superordinate clause does something to this object.

The 3rd persons are reflective (similar to German “sich”, Slovak “seba, svoj”)

Subject Affirmative Analysis Negative
I (l)lunga lu - that do; nga - I
You (l)lutit lu - that do; tit - You
It (l)luni lu - that do; ni - Reflexive It nani
We (l)uta lu - that do; ta -we
You pl (l)lusi lu - that do; si - you pl
They (l)lutik lu - that do; tik - they natik

Example

Coordinative clauses:

Kastrup mittarfiuvoq Pituffillu mittarfiulluni.